How to get to windows with storms to putty

I have a 1920 house. The windows have screens and storms on them. After repainting a bedroom window I started scraping the paint off the inside of the window and found that the glass on the bottom of the window moves and is not sealed like it should. I want to fix them and not sure the best way to proceed. The windows have the weights and only one side is working on most of my windows. When I read posts to put putty on the inside that is not for the true inside of the house is it? Is there a way to do this without removing the windows entirely? This is a improvement I've not tried yet. DIY Single Mom who owns tools :)

Plenty of info on old sash type windows here if you search,the sash cords have probably rotted out,that may be your trouble,pain in the neck to replace ,and yes you do have to bed the glass on the inside with linseed oil putty.:2tsup: